We Beer Mugs propose a novel scheme for designing and generating kaleidoscope-structured vector optical fields (KS-VOFs) by analogy with the principle of multiple mirror reflection in a kaleidoscope.For KS-VOFs with symmetric polarization states, we show the symmetry properties of the focal fields with various shapes for different applications.The
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici (Pst), and stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici (Pgt) are major diseases to wheat production globally.Host Pocket POP! resistance is the most suitable approach to manage these fungal pathogens.We investigated the phenotypic and genoty
We examined whether exposure to municipal wastewater effluent (MWWE) compromised the stress performance of laboratory-reared fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in a field setting.Adult minnows were caged at two sites upstream and three sites downstream of wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs) discharging MWWE into the Bow River, Calgary, Alberta,
The article analyses the impact the electoral system on the Romanian politics of the Candle Holders last 25 years.The main thesis is that, despite the eclecticism of electoral formulas and despite the frequent changes of the laws regulating political parties, stability was the main characteristic of the Romanian politics.The author provides numerou